Brake fade is a critical issue that can compromise vehicle safety, especially during extended use or high-stress driving.
Here's a comprehensive guide to recognising the signs and taking steps to prevent it.
What Is brake fade?
Brake fade occurs when braking efficiency diminishes due to excessive heat generated during heavy or prolonged use. This heat reduces friction between the brake pad and rotor or causes brake fluid to vaporise, leading to reduced stopping power.
Common scenarios include descending steep hills, towing heavy loads or aggressive driving.
Signs of brake fade
Identifying brake fade early is crucial for safety. Look out for these symptoms:
Increased pedal travel: You may notice the brake pedal requires more effort or sinks further than usual.
Reduced stopping power: Even when pressing firmly, the vehicle takes longer to slow down or stop.
Unusual odour: Overheated brakes emit a distinct, acrid smell.
Spongy brake feel: The pedal might feel soft or unresponsive, a sign of fluid boiling in the brake lines.
Visual clues: Discoloured or warped brake rotors, visible through the wheels, could indicate overheating.
Loss of braking noise: While brake fade can occur silently, unusual squealing or grinding noises may accompany it, indicating overheating or wear.
If you experience any of these signs, reduce speed and allow the brakes to cool down.
How to prevent brake fade
Preventing brake fade not only ensures your safety but also extends the lifespan of your braking components.
Incorporating these practices into your routine, especially during long road trips or challenging conditions, can save you from costly repairs and dangerous situations.
1. Choose the right brake components
Opt for high-performance brake pads and rotors designed to withstand heat. Look for materials such as semi-metallic or ceramic compounds, which offer better thermal resistance.
Ventilated or slotted rotors are particularly effective in dissipating heat, making them ideal for vehicles frequently used in high-stress situations. Investing in quality components can save you from costly failures in the long run.
2. Practice engine braking
In hilly terrain, downshift to use engine braking, reducing reliance on your brakes. This technique prevents overheating while enhancing control on steep descents.
Familiarising yourself with how your vehicle handles engine braking can make it easier to manage speed safely without overloading the braking system.
3. Check your brake fluid
Brake fluid degrades over time and absorbs moisture, lowering its boiling point. Replace it as recommended by your vehicle's manufacturer.
For extreme conditions like track driving or towing, consider upgrading to high-performance brake fluids, such as DOT 4 or DOT 5.1, which offer better resistance to heat and moisture. Regular inspections ensure your braking system operates at its peak efficiency.
4. Avoid overloading
Exceeding your vehicle’s load capacity increases brake stress. Stay within recommended limits for safe and efficient operation. Overloading not only risks brake fade but also compromises the handling and safety of your vehicle, especially during emergency braking.
5. Drive smarter
Maintain steady speeds and avoid unnecessary braking. Anticipate traffic flow to minimise stop-and-go situations. Smooth driving habits prevent excessive brake wear while improving fuel efficiency and overall vehicle longevity.
6. Schedule regular inspections
Routine checks for pad wear, rotor condition and fluid levels are essential for identifying issues early. Worn brake pads or warped rotors can drastically increase the risk of brake fade during high-stress situations.
Ask your mechanic to inspect the braking system during every service, and replace components proactively instead of waiting for visible signs of wear.
Emergency measures for brake fade
If brake fade occurs while driving, remain calm. Pump the brakes lightly to maintain some hydraulic pressure and shift to a lower gear to use engine braking. This reduces reliance on your brakes while helping control your speed.
Next, find a safe place to pull over and allow the system to cool completely before driving again. Continuing with overheated brakes can cause lasting damage or complete failure, so it’s crucial to have them inspected promptly after the incident.
These measures are crucial for maintaining control during emergencies and preventing more severe outcomes, especially in high-risk conditions
Key takeaways
Brake fade is avoidable with proper maintenance and smart driving habits.
If you suspect your brakes are compromised, have them inspected by a professional immediately.
Tailor your approach for New Zealand’s unique driving conditions, such as mountainous descents or towing during road trips. Proactive care ensures your safety and keeps your vehicle performing at its best.
By staying ahead of potential issues, you ensure not only safety but also the long-term health of your vehicle’s braking system.